Christian Terminology in Arabic

Arabic is a widely spoken language with over 300 million native speakers around the world. It’s also an official language in several countries, including Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Algeria. With the spread of Christianity across the Middle East and North Africa, it’s not surprising that many Christian terms have been adopted into Arabic.

Introduction to Christian Terms in Arabic

The use of Arabic as a liturgical language in Christianity dates back to the 5th century when St. Severus of Antioch introduced the language into the Syriac Church. Over time, many Christian terms and concepts were incorporated into Arabic, resulting in a rich and diverse terminology.

Christological Terms

Jesus (عيسى)

In Arabic, Jesus is referred to as عيسى (‘Īsā), which means “Jesus” or “Messiah.” This name is derived from the Hebrew “Yeshua,” meaning “Salvation.”

Allah (اللَّهُ)

Interestingly, the Arabic word for God, اللَّهُ (Allah), is shared by both Christians and Muslims. However, in Christian context, it refers to the Father, while in Islam, it’s considered a unique name for the one God.

Sacramental Terms

Baptism (المعمودية)

The Arabic term for baptism, المعمودية (al-maʿmūdiyah), is derived from the root م-ع-م (maʿmā), meaning “to wash” or “to purify.” This reflects the symbolic significance of water in Christian baptism.

Eucharist (السيدان)

The Arabic term for Eucharist, السيدان (al-sīdān), is derived from the Greek word εὐχαριστία (eucharistia). In Arabic, it’s referred to as a sacred meal or feast.

Liturgical Terms

Liturgy (الصلوات)

The Arabic term for liturgy, الصلوات (al-ṣalawāt), refers to the prayers and hymns recited during worship services. It’s derived from the root ص-ل-و (ṣ-l-w), meaning “to pray” or “to invoke.”

Vespers (الظهر)

In Arabic, Vespers are referred to as الظهر (al-ḍuhr). This term is derived from the root ظ-ه-ر (ḏ-h-r), meaning “west” or “evening sun.”