Introduction

Dart is a modern, object-oriented programming language developed by Google for building web applications, mobile apps, and desktop applications. It was first announced in 2011 and has since become a popular choice for developers due to its simplicity, performance, and ease of use.

Key Features

• Null-Safety: Dart 2.x introduces null safety, which helps prevent null pointer exceptions at runtime.
• Type Inference: Dart provides optional type annotations, allowing the compiler to infer types automatically.
• Object-oriented programming: Dart supports object-oriented concepts like classes, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation.
• Functional Programming: Dart also supports functional programming concepts like higher-order functions, closures, and immutability.

Basic Syntax

Dart code is typically written in a .dart file. The basic syntax of Dart includes:

Variables and Data Types

---

Data Type	Description
int	Whole numbers (e.g., 1, 2, 3)
double	Decimal numbers (e.g., 3.14, -0.5)
bool	Boolean values (true or false)
String	Textual data (e.g., “hello”, ‘world’)

int myInt = 10;
double myDouble = 3.14;
bool isAdmin = true;
String name = "John Doe";

Operators

---

Dart supports various operators for arithmetic, comparison, logical, and assignment operations.

Operator	Description
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
%	Modulus (remainder)
==	Equality comparison
!=	Inequality comparison
>	Greater than
<	Less than

int a = 5;
int b = 3;

int sum = a + b; // 8
bool isEqual = a == b; // false

Control Flow Statements

---

Dart provides control flow statements for conditional and iterative execution.

Statement	Description
if	Conditional statement
else	Alternate block of code if condition is false
switch	Multiway branching statement
for	Iterative loop
while	Loop that continues as long as a condition is true

int x = 5;

if (x > 10) {
print("x is greater than 10");
} else if (x == 5) {
print("x equals 5");
}

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
print(i);
}

Functions

---

Dart supports functions with optional type annotations and return types.

void greet(String name) {
print("Hello, $name!");
}

int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}

greet("Alice"); // Hello, Alice!
int result = add(2, 3); // 5

This covers the basic fundamentals of Dart programming language. Next sections will cover more advanced topics.

Advanced Topics

• Classes and Inheritance
• Generics and Type Parameters
• Asynchronous Programming
• Web Development with Flutter

Please let me know if you want to proceed with any of these topics or request something else!